Examination of the factors that contribute to depression among young women aged 15 to 25 of age in the UK

AbstractThis dissertation identifies the agentive offices that abide to a rational wellness problem ( feeling) among immature wo men 15 to 25 of age in the UK. The literature examine revealed that the childly women olden 15 to 25 ar assailable to the periliness of being discourage as a result of the interplay among biological and environsal accompanimentors. Further to a greater extent(pre zero(prenominal)inal), the ranks of first gear were ensn be to be high in the women population compared to men. The deal away as soundly as reveals that economic crisis in the materialization women of this age bracket has ostracise effect on their family and friends. Although the family members and friends are ever practicall(a)y willing to help their loved ones come up from psychogenic health problems they are pr plainted from doing so be feat of their lack of intimacy and skills in shakeling embossment. As a result, picture ends up disrupting the consa nguinity surrounded by the patients and their loved ones who equ eachy end up being di filtrateed as well. The findings reveal that the regime should ontogenesis the funding on its programs and consistently refresh the writ of execution of the policies in order to correct any mis experiences in clock time. inceptionThe main purpose of this hear is to review literature on the factors that let for to first gear among child care women aged 15 to 25 in the UK. The study will explore the impact of the patients condition on the family members and friends, and pronounce the effectiveness of the take issueent initiatives to support modern women with first gear. The study carries issue an extensive review of academic articles and will access all acquirable data to discuss the research objectives. Additionally, it will perform an appraisal of the findings and results obtained from cerebrate literatures. Thereafter, a conclusion will be provided on all issues deliberated in the study, and therefore a recommendation will be given for the national education and possibly for future psychogenic health research digest among schoolgirlish women in the unite Kingdom.Background and Rationale for the studyThe realism wellness Organization (WHO) defined psychic health as a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, stooge cope with the normal stresses of liveliness, pot work productively and is able to manage a contri besidesion to his or her community, whilst, mental problems or illness refers to conditions that expunge cognition, emotion, and behaviour for example, schizophrenia, natural depressive disorder, and autism (Manderscheid et al, 2010). Women are more apparent to sire from falloff compared to men. Brady (2013) sustain that the investigation of national mental health surveys slang shown that psychological disorders are 20% to 40% likely to occur in women than men. Walsh (2009) claims that this disp arity is collect to galore(postnominal) elements, as studies encounter given a number of factors keep up been answerable for the cause of mental health problems among women in the UK virtually of the influences allow the increasing responsibility of women performing multiple manipulations in the society, such as helpers, homemakers and breadwinners. Seeman (2006) stated that the care giving grapheme of women, which sometimes lams to spouses, children and the elderly, whitethorn piddle increased stress and possibly cause mental health problems. Likewise, the associated issues of gestation period and child-bearing are an additional attachment liable for a high rate of mental health problems among women (Kidd et al, 2013). Ussher (2010) nones that the issue of domestic craze is in any case a contri justing factor because women have first gear or mental health problems because they have been subjected to domestic violence. These women sometimes find it inviolable to go for counseling as a confidential and safe means by which they can come forwardlet their feelings. There are very few studies that have identified the relationship in the midst of mental health problems among late women and first this supports studies that have linked stress as a catalyst responsible for mental health problems amongst unripe women (Pratt et al 2012). Weich (2004) confirmed that some UK ground studies have reported an excess in the preponderance of the to the highest degree mutual mental disorders of anxiety and low. The cost of treating slack and separate mental problems is a openhanded pecuniary burden to the government. The Centre for psychogenic Health (2010) reason that mental problems have non up to now a human and well-disposed cost, but similarly an economic one, with wider costs in England amounting to ?105 gazillion a class. Rosenfeld (2009) asserts that very few studies have focused on the causes of impression among youth women in the age group of 15-25. Most studies focus on clinical stamp on women, men, or adolescents without of necessity narrowing down to raw women (Rosenfeld, 2009). The rationale for this study is to identify the causes of feeling among the little women aged 15-25, evaluate the effects of depression on the family members and friends, explore the government policy and interventions and and so offer recommendations on how to protect the young women from depression. The study of depression in young women is consequential because the depression suffered at this age group has a take aim effect on the future lives of these women (Thomas et al 2008). It is therefore important to look into ways of protecting them against depression because this will not simply save the government money that is currently being used on interference but in any case ensure that the young women enter the archean matureness stage with a strong mental ability. To the healthcare profession, this study will be helpful in the treatment of depression with making maximum use of preventive measures and formulating a introduction for set ahead research on ways of reducing the judge of depression among women aged 15-25.Aims and ObjectivesThe primary aim of this project is to review literature on the factors that supply to depression among young women aged 15 to 25 in the coupled Kingdom. The objectives of the study are as follows To identify and understand the seek factors responsible for depression as a mental health problem among young women aged 15 to 25 in the UK. To examine the impact of depression on the family and friends of the gloomy persons To investigate ggovernment initiatives that support young women with depressionEthicsThis study address ethical and anti- oppressive issues that relate to research and practice. It adhered to all the ethical principles that overtake the use of substitute(prenominal) data. The review was conducted with an interest of finding ways of up (a) the lives of young sight with depression through evaluating ways of reducing the inducive agents and providing care for the already gloomy population. The findings are meant to benefit some(prenominal) the depressed young slew and form a basis for future research.lit ReviewMethodsThis review followed an inclusion body and exclusion criteria in de boundining which articles and books to review and which ones to edit based on the relevance of their content to this dissertation. The journal articles were chosen from EbSCOhost, BNI, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL, government published documents and policy. Simple electronic database search was then done utilise the aboriginal words as a guiding criterion. alone the journals and books were screened by reading the titles, abstract and in some cases full text in deciding which ones were suitable for this research. The key words for the search were mental illness, young women, depression, and government policies to address depression. The database search depended on wildcards and keywords in feel for information in the abstracts, title, subject heading, and full text. The words were used by the piece and then in conclave to ensure that as many germane(predicate) articles are reviewed. The criteria for inclusion and exclusion of articles and booksThe method for selecting articles make use of the inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure that the search generated the best possible articles and books. The inclusion criteria targeted the articles that pass through prevalence of depression among women, early braggyhood, policy intervention in the United Kingdom, peer reviewed and possible methods of dealing with depression. The exclusion criteria on the other hand included the articles and books published prior to 2001, earthyplaceized the youth without separating young women from women, only if included children under the age of 15, focused on bipolar mode disorder, studies with small sample sizes (less t han 50), and those involving non representative samples like the ethnic minorities.ResultsA total of ascorbic acid citations were considered for the research, out of which 30 duplicate citations were filtered out. The remaining 70 citations were then screened victimisation the inclusion and exclusion criteria outlined above. 50 articles were retained for inclusion and the other 20 were excluded from the study. Therefore, this review is based on a sample of 50 citations. The details of the review are availed in the subsequent sections of this literature review. The articles were then grouped into those that cover the customary correlates of and prevalence of depression, those that cover young women under the age of 30, and finally those that cover young women still under the care of their parents. Among the 50 citations considered for review, only a small percentage was longitudinal by de trait. The samples had take issueent sample sizes with the least having 50 and the about h aving 20,000 arrayicipants.General correlates and prevalence of depressionThe findings of this review reveal that in the cases where the articles made comparisons betwixt the males and distaffs, women were more likely to be affected by depression compared to the males. Out of the 10 articles that compared the 2 wakenes only triad posted a different result. The three articles did not find any significant differences in the prevalence rate between young men and young women. The other seven articles all concluded that women are more penetrable to depression than men. The prevalence rates ranged from as low as 4.3% to a high of 49%. Factors that abide to depression among young women 15 to 25 of age in the UKLundt (2004, p. 67) claims that in addition to women having higher(prenominal) rates of depression than men, many features of depression differ for women when compared to men. These differences include factors like the likelihood of occurrence, find factors and the symptoms of depression. This literature review reveals an consuming support for a multidimensional model of the risk factors for depression in women with a complex relationship being exhibited between life stress, social, biological, sex role socialization and developmental factors. Hales (2008, p. 33) asserts that currently, the exact neurophysiological mechanisms surrounding depression have not yet been identified although stress take cares to play a crucial role in the onset of depressive episodes get off the groundicular at the sign stages. While the conventional perception of depression supports biopsychosocial model of risk factors, more contemporary conceptualizations and research emphasize on the impact of the sex role socialization (Thomas, et al 2008, p. 41). The societal gender expectations have a position influence on how to deal with depression. The women who are forced to adopt female roles that are more stereotyped ofttimes experience more depression compared to the ones that are not exposed to such hostile environments. Ussher (2010, p. 13) also adds that women are also more likely to make complex inferences and plunge in more ruminative self-focus and this may maintain or even aggravate depression. Walsh (2009, p. 66) flavors that there is no single theory explaining the gender differences in depression. In fact the different rates of depression are as a result of multidimensional and interactive issues that are functions of idiographic factors. Rosenfeld (2009, p. 76) supports this encourage by asserting that integrative biopsychosocial theories of depression have been espoused by many different theories. They note that there are flipper major categories of risk factors which are Biological, Life stress, Sex role socialization, Societal/Social and developmental The interactive model of risk factors is an expansion of the Worrel and Remmer (1992) model (White, &038 Groh, 2007, p. 65). All the five factors are discussed in discrete sections be low for purposes of clarity although in ingenuousness most of these factors are inter relate and involve more than one factor at a time. It is for this reason then that some factors will appear in more than one section.Biological FactorsIn the past, most scholars held the given that there were two subtypes of depressions, neurotic and endogenous (Stahl et al. 2003, p. 56). The endogenous depressions were believed to be driven by stringently biological factors whereas the neurotic depressions were theme to be functions of social and intrapersonal factors. However, more recent research shows that very few depressions are purely biological and there is a general consensus that most depressions have a biopsychosocial basis (Savoie et al 2004, p. 29) Although genetics play a significant role in unipolar depression, heredity is not an important factor as it is in bipolar depression. falling off affects women throughout their lives and it is caused by a combination of different fact ors that range from hormonal, pregnancy, postnatal to biological factors (Paxton, &038 Robinson, 2008, p. 16). At a later(prenominal) stage in life women may also suffer from depression caused by menopause. These are the factors that make women more vulnerable to depression than men. Additionally, women are more likely to be diagnosed with depression in their early lives than men. Nimrod (2012, p. 43) found that females start experiencing depression in their early adolescence. The study highlights that depression can occur in the young women and puberty increases the risk. This assertion was supported by Greenblatt (2011, p. 45) who claims that the depression in women mostly starts at puberty. The hormonal levels at puberty are a major cause of depression in young women. The changes in oestrogen and androgen are more responsible for the depression than puberty itself. Hales (2009, p. 77) asserts that this view is consistent with the fact that depression can be as a result of hormo nal changes that are related to the procreative system of women. This is particularly evident in the young women who much opine of both stirred and physical premenstrual symptoms. The young women may also suffer depression during pregnancy. Erlandsson and Eklund (2006, p. 32) claim that while pregnancy does not necessarily cause depression, enceinte women who have a history of depression are more likely to suffer relapses because of their reluctance to use antidepressant medication. This impression is supported by Castle et al (2006, p. 61) as they highlight the implications of managing and treating depression in women. Their research revealed that although many women are lots reluctant to take medication during pregnancy, the effectiveness of using antidepressants outweighs the consequences of untreated depression on both the child and the charwoman. As such, their research outlines the magnificence of the role of nurses, health visitors, general practitioners, mental healt h practitioners and the other health professionals in educating the young pregnant women and their families. Additionally, the research also highlights the importance of taking the risks of managing and treating depression during pregnancy into consideration as well as empowering the young women to make decisions based on the best guidelines and available evidence. However, every pregnant woman must be considered differently and individually because there are many factors that influence their decisions on whether to use the antidepressants or not. Sleath et al (2005, p. 47) say that additional information is demand by both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments and that all medical practitioners must always weigh up the different treatment options available as well as the wishes of the patient before making any decisions. In fact this is the reason why Pestello &038 Davis-Berman (2008, p. 15) asserts that current advice must be provided based on evidence based practice and practice guidelines. Mirowsky and Ross (2003, p. 55) claim that there is oft an increased risk of depression after childbirth because of the hormonal changes in the postnatal period. During this time, there is lots an influx of other factors like depreciator feeding that may influence a young woman not to use antidepressants. Although infertility does not lead to depression, the young women struggling with infertility may be susceptible to depression. In fact Demyttenaere, De Fruyt, &038 Stahl (2005, p. 37) claim that depression may play a role in infertility. Some studies fate a positive correlation between depression symptoms prior to attempting to weigh and infertility. However, the inability to conceive may lead to depression which may in turn affect the probability of being able to conceive (Ravindran, et al 2002, p. 99). Several other medical conditions like anemia, AIDS, Addisons malady, cancer, diabetes, infectious hepatitis, influenza, systemic lupus, hypothyroid ism, multiple sclerosis, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism, mononucleosis, and Cushings disease can cause symptoms of depression in young women (Pratt, et al. 2012, p. 21). Furthermore, other medical conditions like magnetic core disease, asthma and hypoglycemia can equally cause anxiety like symptoms. Lazear et al (2008, p. 30) claims that there is a positive correlation between depression and coronary heart disease. Depression occurs with a high rate mostly after coronary heart disease. In fact recent research indicates that depression is a risk factor for coronary heart disease and a predictor of forgetful outcome (Eklund, Erlandsson, &038 Persson, 2003, p. 48).Life stress factorsHales (2012, p.50) claims that authorized types of disagreeable life events eventually lead to depression in most young women. hotshot of the possible reasons for the intermittent spirit of depression is explained by the kindling hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, the strength of the tie between stressful life events and depressive onsets decrease with an increase in the number of episodes (Eklund et al 2010, p. 82). It is the unspecified changes that take place during the repressive episodes either through learning or promontory changes rather than the stressful life events that kindle future episodes. Erlandsson and Eklund (2003, p. 68) note that in lot with recurrent depressions, the relationship between stress and depression declines more and more through approximately nine episodes and then stabilises through the future episodes. The stress diathesis theories of depression indicate that depression results from the way an individual interprets the life stressful events (Castle, Kulkarni, &038 Abel, 2006, p. 51). Hopelessness depression is a stress diathesis theory whereby an attributional style interacts with the negative style events to generate specific subtype of depression with symptoms of sadness, loss of motivation and self-destruct ive intellecttion. In the context of this model, the internal factors (an attributional style) interact with the external factors (negative life events) to expose depression in the young women. Therefore, stress in womens lives has a direct impact on the levels of depressions. Caretaking and parenting demands on women often confer an increased risk for depression. Young women with children are particularly vulnerable e special(prenominal)ly for those that do not work outside the home (Duncan, 2004, p. 58). In fact, the more children in the family the more depression are reported. The responsibility of caring for the aging parents is often left to the adult daughters, which in turn increases their vulnerability to depression. Women seem to be more vulnerable to the negative effects of social relationships (McLeod &038 McLeod, 2009, p. 28). Women in sad unitings are three times more likely to be depressed than the single ones or men (McLeod &038 McLeod, 2009, p. 28). Women are m ore vulnerable to social violence than men are, and depression is a function of interpersonal violence (Beck, &038 Alford, 2009, p. 77). Depression can occur because of psychological and neurological changes caused by the interpersonal sufferings. Smith &038 Elliott (2010, p. 44) claim there is a positive correlation between women with histories of childhood sexual and physical abuse and reversed neurovegatative depressive symptoms such as weight gain, increased appetite and hypersomnia, which suggests unique biological processes in trauma related depressions. Depression may also occur because of the effects of witticism injuries suffered by battered women (Thomas, et al. 2008, p. 49).Sex Role socialisation FactorsCertain types of unimaginative female personality traits as well as the gender role socialisation often contribute to the vulnerability of young women to depression. Weiten (2010, p. 37) claims that women with stereotypical beliefs on the gender roles of women and hig her scores of measures of femininity are more vulnerable to depression. Furthermore, gender related personality traits like instrumentality are positively correlated to depression. The aforementioned(prenominal) is also authentic for socially influenced stereotypical female personality traits like dependency and passivity, which are conceptualised as mild manifestations of depression (Gotlib &038 Hammen, 2010, p. 22).Societal / Social factorsWomen are more likely to face move social status in work roles, family roles and community roles. Despite the gains, women have made both economically and socially, ine quality between the sexes continues to persist in the society (Kittleson &038 Denkmire, 2005, p. 09). The reinforcement deficit theory postulated by Worrell and Remer (1992) indicates that depression is related to an unfavourable ratio between positive and negative person environment outcomes (Pettit &038 Joiner, 2005, p. 64). The low rate of positive outcomes is assumed to be caused by the increase in passive behaviour and dysphoric mood as the young women feel incapable of attaining personal goals leading to eventual withdrawal and despair. The inequity in family decision-making and access to family finance can cause women to feel feeble and unimportant, precursors to depression. Kantor (2007, p. 18) asserts that poverty is a pathway to depression. The majority of the people living in poverty in the United Kingdom are women and children. Dobson and Dozois (2008, p. 13) note that 10% of new cases of major depression are caused by poverty. The same is supported by Diamond (2005, p. 73) who hypothesises that depression is a function of financial hardships and poverty. Although gender differences in rates of depression do not differ by culture, the ethnic nonage women and lesbians are at a higher risk because of the complexity and number of risks that they face on daily basis (Friedman, &038 Anderson, 2010, p. 63). The ethnic minority young women are mor e likely to be subjected to different socioeconomic factors for depression like ethnic/ racial discrimination, separatism into low status and high-risk jobs, lower educational and income levels, unemployment, single parenthood, poor health, marital dissolution and adultr family sizes. Greenblatt (2011, p. 31) adds that being a member of a non-dominant group can also lead to experiences of discrimination and oppression, which are risk factors. Additionally, intragroup and intergroup racism are also stressors that lead to poor health and psychological distress. Cultural role prescriptions for some ethnic minority women may at times lead to depression. For instance, for the Asian and British Indian women, the ethnic norms of deference, passivity and courtesy may result in difficulties in assertion especially regarding issues of power consequently resulting in depression. Experiences of migration for any ethnic minority group may result in lack of social support, heathen conflicts, identity confusion, cultural adjustments, and feelings of powerlessness and diminished social status.Developmental FactorsGerrity et al (2001, p. 48) point out that prior developmental experience have a direct influence on the adult susceptibility to depression. This is particularly true for the individuals who have a history of neglect, abuse and parental loss as well as those that were brought up by depressed mothers. Additionally, the subsequent developmental transitions and the accompanying stressors increase the vulnerability of young women to depression. The developmental pathway of women often contain five major key points that begin when they start display increased rates of depression in adolescence, continuing to the transitions on young adulthood, midlife and old age. Ussher (2010, p. 77) asserts that each of these transitions is accompanied by scraps and stresses. The enthusiasm of these factors varies depending on the unique personality of an individual, social conte xts, familial and social support, and life circumstances. One such interactive model indicates that girls arrive at the adolescence stage with more pre-existing factors than boys do and these factors interact with social and biological changes of adolescence, which then extend into adulthood (Peacock &038 Casey 2000, p. 74). The young women in the age bracket of 15 to 25 are in the period of young adulthood. This period is a time of potential stress and strain for them because it is a time when they must make important interpersonal and vocational life choices that include decisions related to marriage and motherhood (White &038 Groh, 2007, p. 17). The young mothers with children at home face higher risks of depression. epidemiological data indicates that the mid to late 20s is the age at which women start experiencing depression because of the many decisions that they have to make (Stahl, et al 2003, p. 94). In the period of transition to adulthood, the women that were exposed to childhood adversities are more likely to be depressed compared to the ones that did not go through such horrible childhoods. The mid 20s is the first time a woman must face the harsh realities of life in the context of the dreams and visions mapped out in the adolescence period. The discovery that adulthood is not as she expected often thrusts most women into despair and confusion. The fact that the young women are facing the challenges and stresses of adulthood for the first time in their lives makes them feel unprepared as the demands of adult life are at times very overwhelming (Ferentinos, et al. 2011,p. 63). These stresses make the young adult women vulnerable to psychological distress, particularly depression.Effects of depression on family and friends of the patientsWeiten (2010) says that when a young woman gets depression, it does not affect her unsocial as it also has gross effects on their parents, siblings, friends and the whole family. All the people tightlipped to t he individuals suffering from depression often get extremely worried about the patients. Beck and Alford (2009) claim that the worst part of it is that in most cases these people do not have the intimacy and skills to help the patients. This worsens the web site for the patients, as they feel helpless and in so doing adding more mischance to the parents, siblings and close friends. Dobson and Dozois (2008) assert that the family members and friends get worried on the surmisal of the young depressed women contemplating suicide because of their unstable conditions. In as much as they are always willing to help these young depressed women get back to the normal swing of things, the ways of doing it makes the whole thought a mirage. Therefore, they end up being very focused on them, always worrying for them and having difficult time connecting with the depressed young women because depression inhibits their ability to interact with other people. Depression hurts the young women bot h mentally and physically inhibiting their ability to work and function. The people who have affection for the young girls are often hurt by the experiences of their loved ones (Thomas et al 2008). irrelevant the other physical illnesses, depression is not easily visible to people without prior experience. In fact, many people have no idea of its causes or treatment (Sleath et al 2005). The intangibility of the illness makes it very hard for the family and friends who are not able to feel or see the intensity of the suffering. Some family members and friends even deny the existence of depression because of the confusing nature of the illness. Castle, Kulkarni, &038 Abel (2006) claim that some family members and friends consider depression as a sign of personal weakness, while others often end up fighting alongside their depressed friends and family members. These too cases are both extreme and cause sadness especially because the depressed young girls feel frustrated, misundersto od or overstretched to recur quickly. Demyttenaere, De Fruyt, and Stahl (2005) say that the symptoms of depression are very difficult to interpret. The young girls often get withdrawn and have little energy to perform middling daily tasks. Unfortunately, this is at times misinterpreted by the other family members as a lack of effort in helping in the daily field chores. Evaluation of initiatives for tackling the mental health problems among young women in the UKThe purpose of this part of the dissertation is threefoldMake reference to some policies that touch on mental health of young women in the United Kingdom cozy up some of the progress made by the government in helping the young people suffering from mental health problems Identify the weaknesses and gaps in the policy and support and what should be done to improve their effectiveness. Owing to the large number of government policies on the young people, this dissertation will be highly selective in approach.INITIATIVESThe content dish out Framework for children, young people and maternity processs policy contains the 11 standards that contribute to the mental well being of the young people. In 2007, the government developed the National Indicator Set to enable the central government manage the performance of the local government. These indicators were as follows NI50, which observes the emotional health of the children and young people NI51 to monitor the effectiveness of government policy. The Children and Young People in Mind (CAMHS) made recommendations that highlight the role of all universal services like the natural law and midwives in promoting the mental health of children and young people. The government implemented two of its recommendations through the creation of National Advisory Council (NAC) and National CAMHS Support Service (NCSS). The role of the NAC is to hold the government accountable in ensuring that all the recommendations are met. The NCSS, on the other hand, was charged with the role of continually improving and sustaining service delivery. The wise Horizons (2009) made mental health the responsibility of everyone. It required all the government departments to work as a team in the taproom of mental health problems and develop resilience in the households. It paid special attention to the gather up of improving transition from adolescence to adulthood and emphasised the importance of prevention of mental illnesses. In 2010, the Keeping Children and Young People in Mind applauded the need for the government to invest in the mental health and emotional well-being of the children and young people.The Progress MadeThe investment in CAMHS led to increased advocacy in building resilience, early intervention, general well being and the called for support from families. As a result, there was an increase in the number of professional staff to offer services to the young people (Ferentinos et al 2011). However, the progress was slower for the 16 and 17 year olds as evidenced by the increased number of young people of this age spending time in psychiatrical hospitals. This implies that comprehensive effectuation of CAMHS is not easy and will require more time and loyalty from all the stakeholders. The Mental Health Promotion Driving Policy in the New Horizons is performing well although it is mainly adult focused which places the young women at an increased risk of being lost in the bigger agenda.The Challenges and RecommendationsMost of the government policies on young people are the right way aspirational although turning them into reality on the ground remains the biggest challenge. The process of implementation is very diminutive as it underlines the efficiency of the policies. It will be inconceivable to realise the vision of these policies without total commitment and consistent long term funding. This is why it is advisable for the government to look into ways of ensuring better circumspection and leadership to ensur e that these services reach the people as envisaged in the policies. Presently, there is still a gap in the logic on the empowerment of people, families and communities on taking care of mental health (Castle, Kulkarni, &038 Abel, 2006). many people have gone through the process of intervention but the real solution lies on empowering individuals with the skills, knowledge and resources to deal with mental health challenges on their own. Helping the young women with self-awareness, social and emotional skills, and foster knowledge will help them take the responsibility for their mental health and emotional well-being.ConclusionThis dissertation has identified the factors that contribute to a mental health problem (depression) among young women 15 to 25 of age in the UK. The secondary research also assessed the effects of the condition on the family and friends of the patients and then evaluated the policy and support for tackling the mental health problems among young women in the U K. The extensive review of academic articles and books revealed that the young women aged 15 to 25 are exposed to the risk of being depressed as a result of the interplay between biological and environmental factors. Furthermore, the rates of depression were found to be higher in the women population compared to men. The study also revealed that depression in the young women of this age bracket has negative effects on their family and friends. The worst part of it is that the family and friends are always willing to help their loved ones recover from mental health problems but are prevented from doing so because of their lack of knowledge and skills in handling depression. As a result, depression ends up disrupting the relationship between the patients and their loved ones who equally end up being distressed as well. The government has enacted many policies to contain mental health problems in the country, however there are still challenges as highlighted in the discussion. These po licies although aspirational, still need more commitment in wrong of funding, leadership and management for them to have their intended impact in the country.RecommendationsThe policies for helping the young girls aged 15 to 25 have already been identified and enacted by the government. The only challenge remaining is the implementation process, which is proving to be difficult as evidenced by the high number of young girls spending their time in the psychiatric hospitals. This can be addressed through increasing the amount of currency allocated to the project. This increase will enable the government to reach more people and empower them with the knowledge and skills on how to handle mental illnesses. As already outlined, the family members and friends are always willing to help the depressed young women but then they lack the necessary knowledge and skills. Equipping these people with the knowledge and skills will be helpful in reducing the rates of depression among young women aged 15 to 25 because they have a close contact and better understanding of their loved ones. Additionally, consistent evaluation and legal opinion of the policies will also be helpful to the government in terms of identifying new ways of helping the young girls.Limitations of the studyThe study was only reliant on secondary data as the researcher was not able to interact directly with the respondents. This implies that the errors that may have been made by the secondary data could have been replicated in the outcomes of this study. Secondly, very few policies are tailored for this particular age group so the policies used were those imbrication between late adolescence and early adulthood. 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